Robotics & Physical AI

Industrial and collaborative robots, kinematics, programming and simulation, grippers, machine vision, mobile robots, robot safety standards and devices, and physical AI such as imitation learning and VLA models.

Where AiVibe comes in

AiVibe designs and manufactures the AiAmbA AI Factory, whose edge devices and AI agents let people talk to robot controllers in plain language. Robotics perception is an AiAmbA use case, and robot safety functions follow ISO 10218 and never depend on the AI layer.

Explore AiVibe’s work in Robotics & Physical AI →

45 terms

3D Machine Vision3D machine vision captures depth as well as appearance, producing point clouds or depth maps of parts and scenes using techniques such as…
Articulated RobotAn articulated robot is a robot arm whose links are connected by rotary joints, most commonly six, giving it the reach and dexterity to…
Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV)An automated guided vehicle (AGV) is a driverless vehicle that transports materials along predefined routes, guided by wires, magnetic…
Autonomous Mobile Robot (AMR)An autonomous mobile robot (AMR) navigates a facility using onboard sensors, maps and path planning, choosing its own routes and avoiding…
Bin PickingBin picking is the robotic task of locating and picking parts lying randomly in a bin or tote, using machine vision, usually 3D, to find a…
Cartesian Robot (Gantry Robot)A Cartesian robot moves its tool along three linear axes at right angles, X, Y and Z, often on an overhead gantry, giving a rectangular…
Collaborative Robot (Cobot)A collaborative robot, or cobot, is an industrial robot designed to work in a space shared with people, typically using built-in power and…
Degrees of Freedom (DOF)Degrees of freedom (DOF) are the number of independent ways a body or mechanism can move. A rigid body in space has six, three…
Delta RobotA delta robot is a parallel robot in which three arms connected to a common base drive a small moving platform, giving very high speed and…
End Effector (End-of-Arm Tooling)An end effector, or end-of-arm tooling (EOAT), is the device mounted at a robot's wrist that interacts with the work, such as a gripper…
Force/Torque SensorA force/torque sensor measures the forces and torques acting on it, commonly in all six axes, and is mounted at a robot's wrist so the…
Forward KinematicsForward kinematics calculates the position and orientation of a robot's tool from its joint angles or displacements, using the geometry of…
Hand-Eye CalibrationHand-eye calibration determines the exact spatial transformation between a camera and a robot, so that positions detected in an image can…
Humanoid RobotA humanoid robot has a body shaped broadly like a human's, typically with a torso, head, two arms and either two legs or a wheeled base…
Imitation LearningImitation learning trains a robot policy from demonstrations of a task, typically recorded by people through teleoperation or by guiding…
Industrial RobotAn industrial robot is an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes, used in…
Inverse KinematicsInverse kinematics calculates the joint values a robot needs to place its tool at a desired position and orientation. A target may have…
ISO 10218 (Industrial Robot Safety)ISO 10218 is the international safety standard for industrial robots. Part 1 covers safety requirements for the robot itself, and Part 2…
ISO/TS 15066 (Collaborative Robot Safety)ISO/TS 15066 is an ISO technical specification that gives safety requirements and guidance for collaborative industrial robot…
Kinematic SingularityA kinematic singularity is a robot configuration in which the arm loses the ability to move its tool in one or more directions because…
Lead-Through ProgrammingLead-through programming, also called hand-guided or kinaesthetic teaching, teaches a robot by physically moving its arm through the…
Machine VisionMachine vision is the use of cameras, optics, lighting and image-processing software to inspect, measure, identify or locate parts…
Offline Programming (OLP)Offline programming creates and tests robot programs on a computer using 3D models of the robot, tooling and cell, then downloads them to…
Path Planning (Motion Planning)Path planning, or motion planning, computes a collision-free route for a robot arm or mobile robot from a start to a goal; trajectory…
Physical AIPhysical AI refers to AI systems that perceive, reason about and act in the physical world through machines such as robots, vehicles and…
Power and Force Limiting (PFL)Power and force limiting is a collaborative operation method in which contact between a robot and a person may occur, but the robot's…
Reinforcement LearningReinforcement learning is a branch of machine learning in which an agent learns a policy by interacting with an environment, receiving…
Robot CalibrationRobot calibration identifies the differences between a robot's nominal kinematic model and the real machine, such as link lengths, joint…
Robot Cell SafeguardingRobot cell safeguarding is the combination of guards, interlocked doors, sensors and robot safety functions that keeps people away from…
Robot ControllerA robot controller is the computer and drive cabinet that runs a robot's programs, calculates its kinematics and trajectories, commands…
Robot Operating System (ROS)The Robot Operating System (ROS) is an open-source collection of software libraries, tools and communication middleware for building robot…
Robot Repeatability and AccuracyRepeatability is how closely a robot returns to the same taught position over repeated cycles, while absolute accuracy is how closely it…
Robot Risk AssessmentA robot risk assessment systematically identifies the hazards of a robot application, estimates and evaluates the risks and determines…
Robot SimulationRobot simulation models a robot, its environment and often its physics in software, so engineers can check reach, collisions and cycle…
Robotic GripperA robotic gripper is an end effector that grasps, holds and releases objects, using fingers or jaws driven pneumatically, electrically or…
Safety Laser ScannerA safety laser scanner is a safety-rated sensor that sweeps a laser beam across a plane and switches its safety outputs when an object…
Safety Light CurtainA safety light curtain is a safety-rated sensor with an array of infrared beams between a transmitter and a receiver; interrupting any…
SCARA RobotA SCARA (Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm) robot has two parallel rotary joints for horizontal motion and a vertical axis, making…
Sim-to-Real TransferSim-to-real transfer is the process of moving a robot policy or perception model trained in simulation onto physical hardware while…
Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM)SLAM is the technique by which a robot builds a map of an unknown environment while simultaneously estimating its own position within that…
Speed and Separation Monitoring (SSM)Speed and separation monitoring is a collaborative operation method in which safety sensors track the distance between people and a robot…
Teach PendantA teach pendant is the handheld operator terminal connected to a robot controller, used to jog the robot, record positions, write and edit…
Tool Centre Point (TCP)The tool centre point (TCP) is the reference point defined on a robot's tool, such as a welding wire tip or the centre of a gripper, whose…
Vacuum GripperA vacuum gripper holds objects with suction cups or foam pads connected to a vacuum source, typically a compressed-air venturi ejector or…
Vision-Language-Action Model (VLA)A vision-language-action model is a neural network that takes camera images and a natural-language instruction as input and outputs robot…

Robotics & Physical AI

Where AiVibe comes in

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