Robot Controller
A robot controller is the computer and drive cabinet that runs a robot's programs, calculates its kinematics and trajectories, commands the servo drives for each axis, and executes safety functions and communication with other equipment.
The controller interprets the robot program, plans the motion between taught points, solves the kinematics and sends position, velocity and torque references to the servo amplifiers for each joint, using encoder feedback to close the control loops. It also manages I/O, the teach pendant, user and tool frames, and safety functions such as emergency stops, protective stops and, where fitted, safety-rated speed and position monitoring.
Most manufacturers provide their own controller and programming language, for example ABB RAPID or KUKA KRL. Controllers connect to PLCs, vision systems and line control via digital I/O and industrial networks such as PROFINET or EtherNet/IP, and many expose interfaces that let external software read status, positions and alarms.
Integration choices include which device is master of the cell, how handshakes are designed and which data external systems may read or write. Changes to the safety configuration require authorised, qualified personnel and validation according to the OEM documentation and ISO 10218.
Key points
- Runs robot programs, kinematics, trajectory generation and servo control
- Hosts safety functions such as emergency and protective stops
- Most manufacturers use a proprietary language, for example ABB RAPID or KUKA KRL
- Connects to PLCs and vision systems via I/O and industrial Ethernet
Where AiVibe comes in
AiAmbA AI agents let people talk to robot controllers in plain language; the agents only propose changes, and a trained operator confirms each one.