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Cloud & AI Infrastructure

Kubernetes

Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling and management of containerised applications across a cluster of machines using a declarative, desired-state model.

Kubernetes is an open-source platform that automates the deployment, scaling and management of containerised applications. It was originally developed at Google and is now maintained under the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF). A cluster has a control plane, comprising the API server, the etcd key-value store, the scheduler and controllers, and a set of worker nodes that run containers inside pods, the smallest deployable unit. Users declare a desired state in manifests, and controllers continuously reconcile the running system towards that state.

Kubernetes has become a common foundation for microservices, batch jobs and machine-learning workloads because the same declarative model works on any conforming cluster. All major clouds offer managed versions, such as Amazon EKS, Azure Kubernetes Service and Google Kubernetes Engine, and lightweight distributions such as K3s run on edge hardware close to production equipment.

The platform adds operational complexity: teams must manage version upgrades, role-based access control, network policies, resource requests and limits, and persistent storage. Secret data is stored unencrypted in etcd by default unless encryption at rest is configured. The CNCF runs a conformance programme for distributions, and the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark is widely used as a hardening baseline.

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Related terms

Terms that refer to Kubernetes

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