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Cloud & AI Infrastructure

Container Image

A container image is an immutable, layered package containing an application and everything it needs to run, built once and used to start identical containers on any compatible host; the OCI image specification defines its format.

A container image is an immutable, read-only package that contains everything needed to run a container: application code, runtime, libraries, environment settings and metadata such as the default start command. Images are built in layers, usually from a Dockerfile or similar build definition, with each instruction adding a layer that can be cached and shared between images. The Open Container Initiative image specification defines the standard format, so images built with one tool run on any OCI-compliant runtime.

Images are the artefact that moves through a CI/CD pipeline: they are built once, tested, stored in a registry and deployed unchanged to each environment. Each image is identified by a content-addressed digest, and human-readable tags such as version numbers point to a specific digest. Multi-architecture images allow the same tag to serve both x86 servers and Arm-based edge devices.

Good practice is to start from minimal, maintained base images, use multi-stage builds to exclude compilers and build tools, avoid embedding secrets, and pin images by digest for reproducible deployments. Images should be scanned for known vulnerabilities, rebuilt regularly to pick up patched base layers and signed so that clusters can verify their origin before running them.

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