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Cybersecurity & Compliance

Penetration Testing

An authorised, simulated attack on a system, application or network in which testers attempt to exploit vulnerabilities, showing how an attacker could gain access and what impact each weakness would have.

A penetration test goes beyond listing potential weaknesses: qualified testers attempt to exploit them, chain them together and demonstrate impact within an agreed scope and rules of engagement. Engagements usually move through planning, reconnaissance, scanning and enumeration, exploitation, post-exploitation and reporting. Tests are described by how much information testers receive: black box with no internal knowledge, white box with full access to documentation or source code, and grey box with partial knowledge such as user credentials.

Organisations commission penetration tests before major releases, after significant changes, to meet contractual or regulatory expectations and to check that existing controls work. Common targets include web and mobile applications, APIs, internal and external networks, cloud configurations and wireless networks, while social engineering tests assess how staff respond. PCI DSS, for example, requires regular internal and external penetration testing of environments that handle payment card data.

A test reflects a system at one point in time and only within its scope, so it complements rather than replaces continuous vulnerability management. Written authorisation is essential, and production systems, especially industrial control systems, need careful planning to avoid disruption. Widely used methodologies include NIST SP 800-115, the OWASP Web Security Testing Guide and the Penetration Testing Execution Standard (PTES).

Key points

Where AiVibe comes in

AiVibe's security services include vulnerability assessment and penetration testing in black, white, grey box and API formats.

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Related terms

Terms that refer to Penetration Testing

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