Deep Learning
Deep learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks with many layers to learn representations directly from raw data such as images, audio and text, without relying on hand-engineered features.
Each layer of a deep network transforms its input into a more abstract representation: early layers of an image model respond to edges and textures, later layers to parts and whole objects. Networks are trained with backpropagation and gradient descent on large datasets, typically using GPUs or other accelerators. Key architectures include convolutional neural networks for images, recurrent networks for sequences and transformers, which now underpin most language models and many vision models.
Deep learning drove major advances in image recognition, speech recognition, machine translation and generative AI. In manufacturing it powers visual inspection of complex or variable defects, OCR on difficult surfaces, acoustic and vibration analysis, and the large language models behind industrial assistants.
Deep models need substantial labelled data or a pre-trained model to fine-tune, significant compute for training and careful validation, because their internal reasoning is hard to interpret. Transfer learning and pre-trained foundation models reduce data needs, and inference can be optimised for edge devices through quantisation, pruning and distillation.
Key points
- Uses multi-layer neural networks that learn features from raw data
- Trained with backpropagation and gradient descent on accelerators
- CNNs and transformers are the dominant architectures
- Transfer learning reduces the labelled data required
Where AiVibe comes in
AiVibe delivers AI and machine learning services, chatbots and virtual assistants with RAG, MCP tools and voice, AI quality management including bias detection and model validation, and the AIMURUGA AI agent, and builds Intel-based edge AI devices using the Intel Distribution of OpenVINO toolkit.
Related terms
- Machine Learning (ML)AI & Machine Learning
- Artificial Neural NetworkAI & Machine Learning
- Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)AI & Machine Learning
- Transformer (Neural Network Architecture)AI & Machine Learning
- Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for AIAI & Machine Learning
- Transfer LearningAI & Machine Learning